The paper “New views of some invariants associated with the Cartesian 2D velocity gradient tensor” co-authored by Ian Roulstone, Sid Clough (Met Office, retired), and Andy White (Met Office, retired), has been published in the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. It is published open access (link here). In the paper, novel aspects of some geometric invariants associated with the Cartesian 2D velocity gradient tensor are explored without restriction to non-divergent flow. Four quadratic invariants are identified: the determinant of the tensor, the square of its Frobenius norm, the square of the resultant deformation, and the sum of the squares of divergence and vorticity. The image below shows Figure 1 from the paper.
