Paper of Hanada and co-authors to be published in JHEP illuminates a 25-year old problem in string theory

The paper “Confinement/deconfinement transition in the D0-brane matrix model — A signature of M-theory?“, co-authored by Georg Bergner (Jena), Norbert Bodendorfer (Regensburg), Masanori Hanada, Stratos Pateloudis (Regensburg), Enrico Rinaldi (Michigan), Andreas Schäfer (Regensburg), Pavlos Vranas (Lawrence, Berkeley), and Hiromasa Watanabe (Tsukuba), has been accepted for publication in the Journal of High Energy Physics. The final form arXiv version is here. The paper studies the so-called D0-brane matrix model that is believed to describe type IIA superstring theory and M-theory. In particular, they studied the parameter region of the matrix model that should describe M-theory. On the string/M-theory side, they argue that there must be a phase transition separating type IIA superstring theory and M-theory. On the matrix model side, such a phase transition predicts a hitherto unknown phase called the confined phase. Via numerical simulation, the paper establishes the existence of the confined phase in the matrix model. This model was conjectured to describe M-theory in 1996 by Banks, Fischler, Shenker and Susskind. After 25 years, this paper gives convincing numerical evidence for this conjecture. The image below shows Figure 3 from the paper.